NEW Bose QuietComfort Wireless Noise Cancelling Headphones. Between 3ANC. Soundcore Life Q35. Jabra Elite 85t. JVC HA-NP50T. Huawei Freebuds 4i. SBC stands for Low-complexity subband codec. We found ( [term:node-count]) products with [term:name] support. If you’re looking to expand your electrical capacity in your garage, a sub panel is a great solution. A garage sub panel allows you to separate the electrical load from your main p...SBC (Sub-Band Coding) Bluetooth Audio Codec. Home. Codecs. Low-complexity Subband Codec is the default codec for Bluetooth A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution …SBC (sub-band codec) The most basic Bluetooth codec is SBC, and it is almost universally supported since it is part of the basic Bluetooth protocol. Practically every device capable of transmitting or …Sub Band CODEC library - runtime. This provides the library and tool which operate SBC (sub band codec) in A2DP (the Advanced Audio Distribution Profile). This package contains the sbc runtime library. Tags: Role: Shared Library. Other Packages Related to libsbc1. depends; recommends; ... Transform (CELT) [10] codec. This publication continues with a brief description of SBC, we then describe subjective and objective audio test method-ology before presenting the results on how well SBC encodes audio and speech. Before summarizing, we show preliminary objective results comparing SBC with other similar low-delay audio codecs. II. If you’re a fan of Wegmans subs and find yourself craving one but don’t have the time to visit a store, you’ll be glad to know that you can now order Wegmans subs online. This conv... A guideline to audio codec delay AAC LC uses a 1024-subband MDCT with a filter length of 2048 taps for steady state signals, and switches to a 128-subband MDCT with a filter length of 256 taps for transient-like signals, resulting in a basic frame length of 1024 samples, or around 21.3 ms (at 48 kHz sampling frequency). US20090222264A1 US12/394,403 US39440309A US2009222264A1 US 20090222264 A1 US20090222264 A1 US 20090222264A1 US 39440309 A US39440309 A US 39440309A US 2009222264 A1 US2009222264 A Codec stands for en co de/ dec ode. Because raw audio data is too large to transmit and stream in real-time, audio must be compressed (encoded) using a codec before it's streamed over Bluetooth A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile). Once the encoded audio is recevied by the output device, it is decoded before it can be played. SBC (Subband Codec)とは？ SBC (Subband Codec)は、音声伝送技術の一つであり、BluetoothやWi-Fiなどの無線通信技術での音声伝送に広く採用されています。SBCは、低ビットレート環境下でも音声の高品質再生を実現するための圧縮技術です。While Sub-Band Codec (SBC) is mandatory for all Bluetooth devices to have as a lingua franca of sorts, not all devices need to be able to use aptX or any of its family. In general, aptX and its related codecs are …SBC (Sub-Band Codec) is universally compatible across all Bluetooth audio devices – max 328kbps Both the audio product (headphones or speaker) and the streaming device source (phone, tablet, laptop, PC etc.) need to support the …A codec is a device or computer program that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. [1] [2] [3] Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder. [4] In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, [5] and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.Our approach encompasses two phases: (i) a neural sub-band codec is designed to encode the reference channel with low bit rates, and (ii), a SpatialCodec captures …Apr 20, 2021 ... 2 Original EZW algorithm. EZW is one of the well-known wavelet based compression methods. It employs a bit plane based coding which generates ...SBCとは、Bluetoothの音声伝送で標準採用されている音声圧縮符号化方式(コーデック)。低速な通信方式で再生できるようデータを大きく削減するため低音質だが、どの機器でも利用できる。パソコンやスマートフォン、オーディオ機器などとBluetoothイヤフォンやBluetoothスピーカーなどの接続に用い ...Sub-band Codec (SBC) merupakan jenis codec yang paling umum digunakan pada perangkat Bluetooth, terutama yang berstandar A2DP atau Advanced Audio Distribution Profile. SCB awalnya dirancang untuk mendapatkan kualitas suara yang lumayan pada kecepatan bit rate menengah. SBC (Sub-Band Codec) is universally compatible across all Bluetooth audio devices – max 328kbps Both the audio product (headphones or speaker) and the streaming device source (phone, tablet, laptop, PC etc.) need to support the same advanced codec or it will default to SBC. A new approach on how to distribute the functionality of a speech receiver between codec and application leads to easier implementations of high quality VoIP applications and a combination of the PEAQ basic and advanced values best matches---after third order linear regression---the subjective MUSHRA results. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) has standardized the subband coding (SBC ... In the world of wearable technology, two popular options for tracking your fitness goals are smart bands and fitness trackers. With so many choices available on Amazon, it can be o...Our approach encompasses two phases: (i) a neural sub-band codec is designed to encode the reference channel with low bit rates, and (ii), a SpatialCodec captures …... codec standard operating at 48, 56 and 64 kbps with an encoding frame length of 10 ms. Technology of the codec is based on sub-band ADPCM (SB-ADPCM). G.722 ...Sub-band adaptive differential pulse code modulation (SB-ADPCM) is a 7kHz wideband speech codec based on the sub-band coding of two ADPCM channels. SB-ADPCM is defined in G.722 of the International Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) standards. In November 1988, G.722 was approved by ITU-T. SB …The final real-time, fixed-point implementation of the Bluetooth subband codec (SBC) is compared to an off-line floating-point reference and found to produce no audible difference in decoded signal quality. This paper describes a low-power implementation of the Bluetooth subband codec (SBC) for high-fidelity wireless audio. …Packages. Bluetooth Subband Codec (SBC) library. Contribute to freddix/libsbc development by creating an account on GitHub. This publication objectively measure the audio and speech quality, if SBC runs under those configurations to find the most suitable parameter under given rate and delay constrains, and presents objective tests comparing the audio codecs SBC, CELT, APT-X and ULD. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) has standardized the subband coding (SBC) audio codec to connect headphones via wireless ... When it comes to catering for a party or event, one of the most popular choices is often a sub tray. And if you’re looking for a delicious and diverse selection of sub sandwiches, ...Sub Band CODEC library - runtime. This provides the library and tool which operate SBC (sub band codec) in A2DP (the Advanced Audio Distribution Profile). This package contains the sbc runtime library. Tags: Role: Shared Library. Other Packages Related to libsbc1. depends; ...Packet loss concealment systems and methods are described that may be used in conjunction with a Bluetooth® Low-Complexity Sub-band Coding (LC-SBC) codec or other sub-band codecs, including but not limited to an MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) codec, an Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) codec, and a Dolby AC-3 codec.Last updated on Jun 24, 2023. The SBC (Sub-band Codec) is an audio coding format that is commonly used for Bluetooth audio transmission. It is designed to compress and …SBC (Sub-Band Codec) is universally compatible across all Bluetooth audio devices – max 328kbps Both the audio product (headphones or speaker) and the streaming device source (phone, tablet, laptop, PC etc.) need to support the …Our approach encompasses two phases: (i) a neural sub-band codec is designed to encode the reference channel with low bit rates, and (ii), a SpatialCodec captures …Sub-band coding is used in the G.722 codec which uses sub-band adaptive differential pulse code modulation (SB-ADPCM) within a bit rate of 64 kbit/s. In the SB-ADPCM technique, the frequency band is split into two sub-bands (higher and lower) and the signals in each sub-band are encoded using ADPCM. External links. Sub-Band …In 1993, Compact Disc Digital Video was introduced. Using the MPEG1 video codec, it squeezed 74 minutes onto a CD. Earlier that year the Voyager Company had used Quicktime and the Cinepak software codec to produce the first movie ever to be released on CD-ROM: The Beatle's Hard Days Night.. While codecs have improved in the …THE BLUETOOTH SUBBAND CODEC The Bluetooth SBC is a low computational complexity audio coding system designed for high quality audio at moderate bit-rates. Bluetooth SBC is based on the low ...Figure 4 illustrates this with a typical M-band subband filter bank, also referred to as a "critically sampled filter bank." In the subband analysis operation, the input signal [n] is passed through a bank of M filters hi[n], 0 < i < M - 1, typically bandpass and disjoint in nature, and downsampled by M. The decimated output signal xi[n ...Now click on the connected device in the left pane, and then click Refresh CODEC Information. Obtain Bluetooth codec information. The app will now fetch the relevant information. When it does, you will see both the supported codec information as well as the codec being used by Windows.The recommended sub-band coding (SBC) codec supports up to 345 kilobits per second at 48 kilohertz. That's approximately one third the quality of standard CD audio---roughly the equivalent of a high-quality MP3 recording. Due to high "lossy" compression in the SBC codec, the reality of the audio quality is considerably lower, somewhere in the ...Jun 19, 2021 ... Bluetooth Audio Codecs · SBC Codec: This codec's full name is Low Complexity Sub Band Codec and was the codec in which Bluetooth was first used.The 3 main codecs that most listeners are familiar with are SBC, AAC, and aptX: SBC - Sub-band Coding - The mandatory and default codec for all stereo …Packages. Bluetooth Subband Codec (SBC) library. Contribute to freddix/libsbc development by creating an account on GitHub.Higher-end audio codecs like LDAC can support up to 32-bit and 96kHz sound, but only about two-thirds the bit rate of CD quality at best (990Kbps), so you still lose data in the process.A multiple description video coding scheme is proposed to accommodate varying network environments and to meet quality of service requirements and the coding efficiency of the proposed codec is optimized by removing spatio-temporal redundancy from video signals and constructing a more compact hierarchical zero-tree for 3-D SPIHT …Bluetooth's Audio Profile A2DP supports multiple codecs. All devices have to support SBC (subband codec), then they can support additional "optional codecs" like MP3 and AAC, or "non-A2DP" codecs like apt-X. Of course these codecs can't actually be used if the receiver doesn't also support them, in which case both devices fall back to SBC.SBC, or low-complexity subband codec, is an audio subband codec specified by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) for the Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP). SBC is a digital audio encoder and decoder used to transfer data to Bluetooth audio output devices like headphones or loudspeakers. It can also be used on the Internet.Nov 2, 2020 · Introduction of a new more efficient and higher quality audio codec called Low Complexity Communications Codec (LC3) which replaces SBC (Sub-band Codec). Support for multi-stream and true wireless (TWS) earbud applications by supporting independent left and right audio streams which are also highly synchronized. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) has standardized the subband coding (SBC) audio codec to connect headphones via wireless Bluetooth links with the A2DP profile. SBC compresses audio at high fidelity while having an ultra-low algorithm delay and very low complexity. SBC is configurable to a very large extend. Six …where , and are the jointly quantized pitch gains and is the codec excitation memory. It is worth noting that when the pitch is smaller than the sub-frame size, we repeat the excitation at a period .For example, when , we use instead. In most modes, the pitch period is encoded with 7 bits in the range and the coefficients are vector-quantized using 7 bits at …This publication objectively measure the audio and speech quality, if SBC runs under those configurations to find the most suitable parameter under given rate and delay constrains, and presents objective tests comparing the audio codecs SBC, CELT, APT-X and ULD. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) has standardized the subband coding (SBC) … This provides the library and tool which operate SBC (sub band codec) in A2DP (the Advanced Audio Distribution Profile). This package contains the tools for SBC. There are three methods to install sbc-tools on Ubuntu 20.04. We can use apt-get, apt and aptitude. In the following sections we will describe each method. You can choose one of them. Le casque prend en charge les 5 codecs suivants pour la lecture de musique via une connexion A2DP : SBC, AAC, aptX, aptX HD et LDAC. Cet acronyme est l’abréviation de Subband Codec. Il s’agit de la technologie de codage audio standard utilisée par les périphériques Bluetooth. Tous les périphériques Bluetooth prennent en charge SBC. This paper describes a low-power implementation of the Bluetooth subband codec (SBC) for high-fidelity wireless audio. The design uses a configurable weighted overlap-add (WOLA) filterbank coprocessor to implement the analysis and synthesis filterbanks. A new method to convert the two-times over-sampled, complex WOLA subband signals to equivalent critically sampled, real-valued SBC subband ... Subhapriyo Hait. Google 2mo ago. For music. For music. A guideline to audio codec delay AAC LC uses a 1024-subband MDCT with a filter length of 2048 taps for steady state signals, and switches to a 128-subband MDCT with a filter length of 256 taps for transient-like signals, resulting in a basic frame length of 1024 samples, or around 21.3 ms (at 48 kHz sampling frequency). The coding efficiency of a 3D subband video codec is optimized by removing not only the redundancy due to spatial and temporal correlation but also perceptually insignificant components from video signals.Sub-band coding is used in the G.722 codec which uses sub-band adaptive differential pulse code modulation (SB-ADPCM) within a bit rate of 64 kbit/s. In the SB-ADPCM technique, the frequency band is split into two sub-bands (higher and lower) and the signals in each sub-band are encoded using ADPCM. External links. Sub-Band …Sep 8, 2023 ... SubBand Coding (SBC): A universally supported codec and the default one on most Android devices. It provides standard audio quality for ...An augmented version of a Low-Complexity Sub-band Coder (LC-SBC) is described ... SUB-BAND CODEC WITH NATIVE VOICE ACTIVITY DETECTION . United States Patent Application 20090222264 . Kind Code: A1 . Abstract: An augmented version of a Low-Complexity Sub-band Coder (LC-SBC) is described herein that is better suited than …This publication objectively measure the audio and speech quality, if SBC runs under those configurations to find the most suitable parameter under given rate and delay constrains, and presents objective tests comparing the audio codecs SBC, CELT, APT-X and ULD. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) has standardized the subband coding (SBC) …Speex wideband mode (sub-band CELP) For wideband, the Speex approach uses a q uadrature m irror f ilter (QMF) to split the band in two. The 16 kHz signal is thus divided into two 8 kHz signals, one representing the low band (0-4 kHz), the other the high band (4-8 kHz). The low band is encoded with the narrowband mode described in section 8 in ...Thinking of purchasing property in the UK? Before investing, you should learn which tax band the property is in. For example, you may discover a house in Wales is in Band I. Then, ... On the other side dsbc read from standard input when input output file are omitted. In such way you can easly test encoding / decoding loop with : Adding Linux aplay tools, you are able to instant hear the result : Contribute to google/libsbc development by creating an account on GitHub. Introduction of a new more efficient and higher quality audio codec called Low Complexity Communications Codec (LC3) which replaces SBC (Sub-band Codec). Support for multi-stream and true wireless …A perceptually optimized 3-D subband codec for video communication over wireless channels; research-article ...Jan 3, 2020 ... SBC, short for low complexity sub-band codec, is the standard audio codec supported by all Bluetooth audio devices. It's what ensures pretty ...Jan 3, 2020 · SBC. SBC, short for low complexity sub-band codec, is the standard audio codec supported by all Bluetooth audio devices.It’s what ensures pretty much any Bluetooth speaker or headphones will work with any phone regardless of the which of the codecs below are available, as the devices will automatically fall back to SBC if no other codecs are mutually supported. An audio codec, or audio decoder is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream (a codec) that encodes or decodes audio. In software, an audio codec is a computer program implementing an algorithm that compresses and decompresses digital audio data according to a given audio file or streaming media …Dec 9, 2019 · Sub-Band Codec, also referred to as low-complexity subband codec is a digital audio codec for Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP), and the default codec for a wide range of devices. Low-complexity Sub-band Codec (SBC) The most common codec is SBC (subband coding), which is mandated by the Bluetooth standard. It’s used in almost all Bluetooth headphones and speakers, with the sole exception being Qualcomm’s aptX family of codecs (more on that later). SBC is also used in virtually all Bluetooth audio senders, … SBC (Sub-Band Codec) is universally compatible across all Bluetooth audio devices – max 328kbps Both the audio product (headphones or speaker) and the streaming device source (phone, tablet, laptop, PC etc.) need to support the same advanced codec or it will default to SBC. Abstract. We discuss here the use of multirate filter banks for per-ceptually-weighted speech and audio compression. While our primary focus is on audio compression, we also review two recently ...Qualcomm’s aptX exists, in part, to provide a guaranteed feature set and consistent audio quality across all compatible products. aptX transfers audio at a set 352 kbps bitrate for a 16-bit 44.1 ... Philips. Max Bitrate: 320 kbps. Bit Depth: 16 bit. Frequency: 48.0 kHz. Low-complexity Subband Codec is the default codec for Bluetooth A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) since version 1.3. SBC (Sub-Band Codec) is universally compatible across all Bluetooth audio devices – max 328kbps Both the audio product (headphones or speaker) and the streaming device source (phone, tablet, laptop, PC etc.) need to support the same advanced codec or it will default to SBC. Mar 8, 2023 ... SBC (Subband Coding) is the default codec for Bluetooth devices and is supported by all Bluetooth devices. It's a simple codec that can ...The coding efficiency of a 3D subband video codec is optimized by removing not only the redundancy due to spatial and temporal correlation but also perceptually insignificant components from video signals.Oct 7, 2001 · A video codec based on 2D+t subband decomposition is proposed, namely fully scalable zerotree coding, together with arithmetic encoding, which provides a combination of temporal, spatial and SNR scalability. Multimedia transmissions over heterogeneous networks require a high degree of flexibility from video compression systems. They are expected to be fully scalable, that is to say to be able ... Abstract and Figures. In this paper, an enhanced version of Embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) image coding algorithm is proposed, referred to as EZW-SC. By exploiting a new principle that relies on ...When it comes to repairing high-end appliances like Sub Zero refrigerators, it’s crucial to choose a repair service that is authorized by the manufacturer. Authorized Sub Zero repa...A codec is an audio coding algorithm used when transmitting sound via a BLUETOOTH connection. The headset supports the following 4 codecs for music playback via an A2DP connection: SBC, AAC, aptX, and LDAC. SBC. This is an abbreviation for Subband Codec. This is the standard audio coding technology used by BLUETOOTH devices.Mar 14, 2023 · While Sub-Band Codec (SBC) is mandatory for all Bluetooth devices to have as a lingua franca of sorts, not all devices need to be able to use aptX or any of its family. In general, aptX and its related codecs are prized for their audio quality and in some cases latency. VSDC Free Audio Converter. A fast, powerful, feature-rich, and easy-to-use free audio converter. Its main purpose is to edit and convert audio files from one format into another. All popular audio formats are supported, such as MP3, Windows Media Audio (WMA and ASF), QuickTime Audio (MP4, M4A, and AAC), Real Audio (RM and... See …Packet loss concealment systems and methods are described that may be used in conjunction with a Bluetooth® Low-Complexity Sub-band Coding (LC-SBC) codec or other sub-band codecs, including but not limited to an MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) codec, an Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) codec, and a Dolby AC-3 codec.
5.3.2 Subband Coding (SBC) The subband coding module implements a spatial subband decomposition (with different selectable subband structures) in combination with the PCM/DPCM encoding of the sub-bands. An important aspect of subband coding is the allocation of bits over the subbands.. My centurylink home page
(a) ADPCM sub-band codec (b) ADPCM encoder (c) ADPCM decoder Fig. 1: ADPCM Sub-band codec block diagram The research goals of lowering the complexity of ADPCM coding are as follows: Reduce the power dissipation Lower the computational complexity Enhance the audio quality Reduce memory storage/access requirements This paper outlines the …G.722 is an ITU-T standard 7 kHz wideband audio codec operating at 48, 56 and 64 kbit/s. It was approved by ITU-T in November 1988. Technology of the codec is based on sub-band ADPCM (SB-ADPCM). The corresponding narrow-band codec based on the same technology is G.726.. G.722 provides improved speech quality due to a wider speech … Transform (CELT) [10] codec. This publication continues with a brief description of SBC, we then describe subjective and objective audio test method-ology before presenting the results on how well SBC encodes audio and speech. Before summarizing, we show preliminary objective results comparing SBC with other similar low-delay audio codecs. II. Jul 3, 2023 · Report abuse. 1) Select Start > Settings > System > Troubleshoot > Other troubleshooters . Next to Bluetooth, select Run and follow the instructions. 2) Select Search on the taskbar, enter device manager, then select Device Manager from the results. In Device Manager, select Bluetooth. Abstract. This paper presents a perceptually tuned subband image coder, which selectively operates on the subbands of an image to achieve good compression ratio. The proposed encoder divides an image into 8 8 sub-images and subsequently decomposes each sub-image into four subbands. A just noticeable distortion (JND) …SBC, or low-complexity subband codec, is an audio subband codec specified by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) for the Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP). SBC is a digital audio encoder and decoder used to transfer data to Bluetooth audio output devices like headphones or loudspeakers. It can also be used on the Internet. It was …This paper describes the delay sources and magnitude of the most common audio codecs and thus provides a guideline for the choice of the most suitable codec for a given application. 1. INTRODUCTION. Audio coders like MP3 or MPEG-AAC have become common in applications like storage or broadcast.Following are the features of SBC bluetooth audio codec. • It is short form of Sub Band Coding. • It provides reasonably good audio quality at medium bit rates ...Jul 14, 2023 ... This shook the foundation of Apple's AAC and SBC (sub-band coding). These new codecs make a huge difference to sound over Bluetooth. A Codec ...Sep 8, 2023 ... SubBand Coding (SBC): A universally supported codec and the default one on most Android devices. It provides standard audio quality for ...SBCとは、Bluetoothの音声伝送で標準採用されている音声圧縮符号化方式(コーデック)。低速な通信方式で再生できるようデータを大きく削減するため低音質だが、どの機器でも利用できる。パソコンやスマートフォン、オーディオ機器などとBluetoothイヤフォンやBluetoothスピーカーなどの接続に用い ... Low Complexity Communication Codec 1.0 Adopted. This specification defines a Low Complexity Communication Codec (LC3), which is an efficient codec for audio applications, including hearing aid applications, speech, and music. This version supports frame intervals of 7.5 ms and 10 ms. Errata Correction 16703 and Errata Correction 23224 are ... Taking part in a marching band competition or even just attending one makes for an entertaining experience. Marching band competitions bring together the talents and skills of many...Oct 1, 2010 · The Bluetooth Audio Distribution profile uses Low complexity sub-band Coder (SBC) as its mandatory audio compression codec. More recently, SBC has been selected for Bluetooth wideband voice ... sub-band ADPCM, Lossy: 16 kHz 64 kbit/s (comprises 48, 56 or 64 kbit/s audio and 16, 8 or 0 kbit/s auxiliary data) 14 bit 4 ms Yes No No No G.722.1: Modulated Lapped Transform (MDCT), Lossy (based on Siren Codec) 16 kHz 24, 32 kbit/s 16 bit 40 ms Yes No No No G.722.1C Modulated Lapped Transform (MDCT), Lossy (based on Siren Codec) 32 kHz sub-band ADPCM, Lossy: 16 kHz 64 kbit/s (comprises 48, 56 or 64 kbit/s audio and 16, 8 or 0 kbit/s auxiliary data) 14 bit 4 ms Yes No No No G.722.1: Modulated Lapped Transform (MDCT), Lossy (based on Siren Codec) 16 kHz 24, 32 kbit/s 16 bit 40 ms Yes No No No G.722.1C Modulated Lapped Transform (MDCT), Lossy (based on Siren Codec) 32 kHz While Sub-Band Codec (SBC) is mandatory for all Bluetooth devices to have as a lingua franca of sorts, not all devices need to be able to use aptX or any of its family. In general, aptX and its related codecs are …Apr 14, 2022 · The Bluetooth standard supports many different codecs, and the codec a device uses can have a major impact on sound quality. Low-complexity Sub-band Codec (SBC) The most common codec is SBC (subband coding), which is mandated by the Bluetooth standard. When it comes to high-end refrigerators, Sub Zero is a brand that often comes to mind. Sub Zero has been around since the 1940s, when it was founded by Westye Bakke in Madison, Wis...Codec using sub-band coding technology has been used for voice storage and forwarding (voice store-and-forward) and voice mail, the use of 2 sub-band and ADPCM encoding system has been CCITT as the g.722 standard recommended to the world.Sub-band coding divides the audio spectrum into narrow frequency bands and codes each sub-band separately. The advantage of this approach is the quantization of each sub-band can be set independently according to (a) the sensitivity of the ear at that frequency and (b) the masking effect of signals in adjacent sub-bands. ....